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Cycle: Obesity and fertility cycle

Obesity is associated, in both sexes, with the alteration of reproductive hormones (the cause of infertility).
In humans there is a gradual decrease in the levels of androgens (particularly testosterone), up to a possible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, resulting in fertility impairment. It also has a
hyperestrogenism on low clinical importance, due to the increase of aromatase activity of adipose tissue (converts androgens into estrogens). The woman with
obestià android has a high incidence of menstrual disorders (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) and hirsutism, to impaired fertility. The endocrine profile of women with obesity gynoid is different.
The hormonal function is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperestrogenism functional alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian.
These alterations are associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which leads to polycystic ovary syndrome.
Therapies to reduce insulin levels, or capable of sensitizing tissues to insulin show an improvement of hyperandrogenism and hirsutism. Returns to the menstrual cycle and ovulation.

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obesity: definitions and problems

Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive body fat.
obesity is distinguished primary (essential) and secondary (rare, given severe dysfunction).
The causes of obesity are genetic, hormonal and environmental. They lead to a caloric intake greater than energy expenditure.
Obesity is correlated with an increased risk of mortality, linked to the increased incidence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus type II, some tumors.
addition of excess fat, the increased risk of mortality is its location visceral (android).

obesity has both immediate problems that long-term risks, resulting in increased morbidity on the one hand, reduction in life expectancy and quality of the other.

immediate problem:

- Psycho relational
- Reduced resistance exercise;
- Problems orthopedic
- Adipoginecomastia;
- Complications skin;
- vulvovaginitis;
- Polycystic ovary syndrome, menstrual irregularities;
- Apnea Obstructive sleep.

long-term risks:

- Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance;
- Diabetes;
- arterial hypertension;
- Dyslipidemia;
- Fatty liver, colecistopatie;
- hyperuricemia, gout;
- Cancer

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Cycle Obesity: The endocrine organ fat maintenance diet

Starting this month after a cycle of obesity and its related facets.
The material presented is taken from college textbooks and scientific articles.


The adipose organ consists of several fatty deposits that can be localized in the subcutaneous or visceral level.
lipids that accumulate in fat cells are mainly triglycerides.
There are white and brown adipocytes (in fact, the deposits are mixed).
The white adipocytes were spherical in shape with cytoplasm almost entirely occupied by a single large lipid droplet (unilocular). Functionally involved nell'acccumulo triglycerides after a meal and their release during fasting or prolonged exercise.
They also produce numerous hormones:

- angiotensinogen: its active form (angiotensin) regulates vascular tone and fluid and electrolyte balance;
- Leptin: reduction leads to the introduction of food and increase energy expenditure;
- resistin: counteracts the effects of insulin.

The adipose organ must be considered an endocrine organ. It follows that most of the metabolic syndrome that occurs when obesity is due to the dysregulation of endocrine secretion products of the adipose organ.

The brown adipocytes have numerous big mitochondria and lipid droplets. They specialize in the dissipation of energy contained in lipids in the form of heat.
They are therefore fundamental to the maintenance of body temperature. Are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The most important stimulus for their activation is the ambient temperature.

In obesity there is an excess of white adipocytes.



For further information: The endocrine organs Adipose